Marin County, California

County of Marin
—  County  —
Marin County Civic Center
Location in the state of California
California's location in the United States
Country United States
State California
Region/Metro area San Francisco Bay Area
Incorporated February 18, 1850
County seat San Rafael
Largest city San Rafael
Government
 - Board of Supervisors
Area
 - Total 828 sq mi (2,144.5 km2)
 - Land 520 sq mi (1,346.8 km2)
 - Water 308 sq mi (797.7 km2)
Population (2000) 247,289
 - Density 476/sq mi (183.8/km2)
Time zone Pacific Standard Time (UTC-8)
 - Summer (DST) Pacific Daylight Time (UTC-7)
Website www.co.marin.ca.us

Marin County (pronounced /məˈrɪn/) is a county located in the North San Francisco Bay Area of the U.S. state of California, across the Golden Gate Bridge from San Francisco. As of 2007, the population was 248,096. The county seat is San Rafael and the largest employer is the county government. Marin County is renowned for its natural beauty, liberal politics, affluence and a strong New Age reputation. According to the Bureau of Economic Analysis, Marin County has the fifth highest income per capita in the United States at $91,483.[1] It is governed by local cities and the Marin County Board of Supervisors.

San Quentin Prison is located in the county, as is Skywalker Ranch. Autodesk, the publisher of AutoCAD, is also located there, as well as numerous other high-tech companies. The headquarters of film and media company Lucasfilm Ltd., previously based in San Rafael, have moved to the Presidio of San Francisco.

The Marin County Civic Center was designed by Frank Lloyd Wright and draws thousands of visitors a year to guided tours of its arch and atrium design.

America's oldest cross country running event, the Dipsea Race, takes place annually in Marin County, attracting thousands of athletes. Mountain biking is said to have been invented on the slopes of Mount Tamalpais in Marin.

Marin County's natural sites include Muir Woods redwood forest, the Marin Headlands, Stinson Beach, Point Reyes National Seashore, and Mount Tamalpais.

Contents

History

Marin County is one of the original 27 counties of California, created February 18, 1850, following adoption of the Constitution of 1849 and just months before the state was admitted to the Union.[2]

The origin of the county's name is not clear. One version is the county was named after Chief Marin, of the Coast Miwok, Licatiut tribe of Native Americans who inhabited that section and waged fierce battle against the early Spanish military explorers. The other version is that the bay between San Pedro Point and San Quentin Point was named Bahía de Nuestra Señora del Rosario la Marinera in 1775, and it is quite possible that Marin is simply an abbreviation of this name.[3]

The Coast Miwok Indians were hunters and gatherers whose ancestors had occupied the area for thousands of years. About 600 village sites have been identified in the county. The Coast Miwok numbered in the thousands. Today there are few left, and even fewer with any knowledge of their Coast Miwok lineage. Efforts are being made so that they are not forgotten.[4]

The English explorer and privateer, Sir Francis Drake and the crew of the Golden Hind was thought to have landed on the Marin coast in 1579 claiming the land as Nova Albion. A bronze plaque inscribed with Drake's claim to the new lands, fitting the description in Drake's own account, was discovered in 1933. This so-called Drake's Plate of Brass was revealed as a hoax in 2003.[5]

In 1595 Sebastian Cermeno lost his ship, the San Agustin, while exploring the Marin Coast. The Spanish explorer Vizcaíno landed about twenty years after Drake in what is now called Drake's Bay. However the first Spanish settlement in Marin was not established until 1817 when Mission San Rafael Arcángel was founded partly in response to the Russian-built Fort Ross to the north in what is now Sonoma County.

Mission San Rafael Arcángel was founded in what is now downtown San Rafael as the 20th Spanish mission in the colonial Mexican province of Alta California by four priests, Father Narciso Duran from Mission San Jose, Father Abella from Mission San Francisco de Asís, Father Gil y Taboada and Father Mariano Payeras, the President of the Missions, on December 14, 1817, four years before Mexico gained independence from Spain.

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 828 square miles (2,145 km²), of which 520 square miles (1,346 km²) is land and 308 square miles (799 km²) (37.24%) is water. According to the records at the County Assessor-Recorder's Office, as of June 2006, Marin had 91,065 acres (369 km2) of taxable land, consisting of 79,086 parcels with a total tax basis of $39.8 billion. These parcels are divided into the following classifications:

Parcel Type Tax ID Quantity Value
Vacant 10 6,900 $508.17 million
Single Family Residential 11 61,264 $30,137.02 million
Mobile Home 12 210 $7.62 million
House Boat 13 379 $61.83 million
Multi Family Residential 14 1,316 $3,973.51 million
Industrial Unimproved 40 113 $12.24 million
Industrial Improved 41 562 $482.83 million
Commercial Unimproved 50 431 $97.89 million
Commercial Improved 51 7,911 $4,519.64 million
The view of the Golden Gate Bridge from the Marin Headlands.

Geographically, the county forms a large, southward-facing peninsula, with the Pacific Ocean to the west, San Pablo Bay and San Francisco Bay to the east, and – across the Golden Gate – the city of San Francisco to the south. Marin County's northern border is with Sonoma County.

Most of the county's population resides on the eastern side, with a string of communities running along San Francisco Bay, from Sausalito to Tiburon to Corte Madera to San Rafael. The interior contains large areas of agricultural and open space; West Marin, through which State Route 1 runs alongside the California coast, contains many small unincorporated communities whose economies depend on agriculture and tourism.

Notable features of the shoreline along the San Francisco Bay include the Sausalito shoreline, Richardson Bay, the Tiburon Peninsula including Ring Mountain and Triangle Marsh at Corte Madera. Further north lies San Quentin State Prison along the San Rafael shoreline.

Adjacent Counties

National protected areas

Transportation infrastructure

Bicentennial Campground within the Golden Gate National Recreation Area surrounding the San Francisco Bay area.

Major highways

Scenic roads

Public transportation

Golden Gate Transit provides service primarily along the U.S. 101 corridor, serving cities in Marin County, as well as San Francisco and Sonoma County. Service is also provided to Contra Costa County via the Richmond-San Rafael Bridge. Ferries to San Francisco operate from Larkspur and Sausalito. Ferry service from Tiburon is provided by Blue and Gold Fleet and by the Angel Island Ferry.

Local bus routes within Marin County are operated by Golden Gate Transit under contract to the Marin County Transit District. MCTD also operates the West Marin Stage, serving communities in the western, rural areas of Marin County. The Marin Airporter offers scheduled bus service to and from Marin County and the San Francisco Airport. The lines run 7 days a week, 365 days a year.

Greyhound Lines buses service San Rafael.

Airports

Marin County Airport or Gnoss Field (ICAO: KDVO) is a general aviation airport operated by the County Department of Public Works. The nearest airports with commercial flights are San Francisco International Airport and Oakland International Airport as well as Charles M. Schulz - Sonoma County Airport north of Marin County.

Education

Marin County Free Library is the county library system. It is headquartered in San Rafael.[6]

Ecology

Marin county is considered in the California Floristic Province, a zone of extremely high biodiversity and endemicism. There are numerous ecosystems present, including Coastal Strand, oak woodland, chaparral and riparian zones. There are also a considerable number of protected plant and animal species present: fauna include the California Red-legged Frog (Rana aurora draytonii) and California freshwater shrimp, while flora include Marin Dwarf Flax, Hesperolinon congestum; Tiburon Jewelflower, Streptanthus niger; and Tiburon Indian paintbrush, Castilleja neglecta.All of the county's beaches were listed as the cleanest in the state in 2010.[7]

A number of watersheds exist in Marin County including Walker Creek, Lagunitas Creek, Miller Creek, and Novato Creek.

The Lagunitas Creek Watershed is home to the largest-remaining wild run of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in Central California. These coho are part of the "Central California Coast Evolutionarily Significant Unit," or CCC ESU, and are listed as "endangered" at both the state and federal level.

Significant efforts to protect and restore these fish have been underway in the Watershed since the 1980s. Fifty-percent of historical salmon habitat is now behind dams. Strong efforts are also being made to protect and restore undammed, headwater reaches of this Watershed in the San Geronimo Valley, where upwards of 40% of the Lagunitas salmon spawn each year and where as much as 1/3 of the juvenile salmon (or fry) spend their entire freshwater lives. The Salmon Protection and Watershed Network ([1]) leads winter tours for the public to learn about and view these spawning salmon, and also leads year-round opportunities for the public to get involved in stream restoration, monitoring spawning and smolt outmigration, juvenile fish rescue and relocation in the summer, and advocacy and policy development.

Around 490 different species of birds have been observed in Marin County. ([2])

Demographics

As of the census[8] of 2000, there were 247,289 people, 100,650 households, and 60,691 families residing in the county. The population density was 476 people per square mile (184/km²). There were 104,990 housing units at an average density of 202 per square mile (78/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 84.03% White, 2.89% Black or African American, 0.43% Native American, 4.53% Asian, 0.16% Pacific Islander, 4.50% from other races, and 3.47% from two or more races. 11.06% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

In 2000, there were 100,650 households out of which 27.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.4% were married couples living together, 8.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.7% were non-families. 29.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.34 and the average family size was 2.90.

In the county the population was spread out with 20.3% under the age of 18, 5.5% from 18 to 24, 31.0% from 25 to 44, 29.7% from 45 to 64, and 13.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females there were 98.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.4 males.

Race and ethnicity

According to the 2006-2008 American Community Survey, the racial composition of Marin County was as follows:

Source(s):[9] [10]

Place of birth

According to the 2006-2008 American Community Survey, 81.3% of Marin County's residents were native to the United States. Approximately 80.0% of the county's residents were born in one of the fifty states, while 1.3% were born in Puerto Rico, a U.S. territory, or born abroad to American parents.

Foreign-born individuals made up the remaining 18.7% of the population. Latin America was the most common birthplace of foreign-born residents; those born in Latin America made up the plurality (42.2%) of Marin County's foreign population. Individuals born in Europe were the second largest foreign-born group; they made up 25.3% of Marin County's foreign population. Immigrants from Asia comprised 23.7% of the county's foreign population. Those born in other parts of North America and Africa made up 3.9% and 3.8% of the foreign-born populace respectively. Lastly, residents born in Oceania made up a mere 1.2% of Marin County's foreign population.

Source:[11]

Language

According to the 2006-2008 American Community Survey, English was the most commonly spoken language at home by residents over five years of age; those who spoke only English at home made up 77.1% of Marin County's residents. Speakers of non-English languages comprised the remaining 22.9% of the population. Speakers of Spanish made up 11.7% of the county's residents, while speakers of other Indo-European languages made up 7.1% of the populace. Speakers of Asian languages and indigenous languages of the Pacific islands made up 3.4% of the population. The remaining 0.7% spoke other languages.

Source:[11]

Ancestry

According to the 2006-2008 American Community Survey, there were sixteen ancestries in Marin County that made up over 1.0% of its population. The sixteen ancestries are listed below.

Source:[11]

Income

The median income for a household in the county was $71,306, and the median income for a family was $88,934. These figures had risen to $83,732 and $104,750 respectively as of 2007.[12] In May 2010, the county had the lowest unemployment rate in California.[13] According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, in July of 2010, however, Marin's unemployment rate rose to 8.3%.[14]

Politics

Presidential election results
Year DEM GOP Others
2008 78.0% 109,320 20.2% 28,384 1.8% 2,493
2004 73.2% 99,070 25.4% 34,378 1.4% 1,877
2000 64.2% 79,135 28.3% 34,872 7.4% 9,148
1996 58.0% 67,406 28.2% 32,714 13.8% 16,020
1992 58.3% 76,158 23.3% 30,479 18.4% 24,070
1988 58.9% 69,394 39.7% 46,855 1.4% 1,671
1984 49.6% 57,533 49.0% 56,887 1.4% 1,630
1980 36.2% 39,231 45.8% 49,678 18.1% 19,598
1976 42.9% 43,590 52.5% 53,425 4.6% 4,700
1972 45.6% 47,414 52.1% 54,123 2.3% 2,346
1968 43.8% 36,278 50.1% 41,422 6.1% 5,055
1964 61.6% 46,462 38.1% 28,682 0.3% 220
1960 42.5% 27,888 57.3% 37,620 0.2% 157

Marin is part of California's 6th congressional district, held by ninth-term Democrat Lynn Woolsey.

In the state legislature, Marin is in the 6th Assembly district, held by second-term Democrat Jared Huffman, and the 3rd Senate district, held by first-term Democrat Mark Leno.

Marin County tended to vote Republican for most of the 20th century (from 1948 to 1980, the only Democrat to win there was Lyndon Johnson in 1964). However, the county has become a stronghold of the Democratic Party in recent decades. Out of California counties, only San Francisco County and Alameda County voted more Democratic in the 2008 Presidential election, all three counties voted more heavily for Democratic Presidential candidate Barack Obama than Cook County, Ill., Obama's home county.

On Nov. 4, 2008, the citizens of Marin county voted strongly against Proposition 8, a constitutional amendment which eliminated the right of same-sex couples to marry, by a 75.1 percent to 24.9 percent margin. The official tally was 103,341 against and 34,324 in favor.[15] Only San Francisco County voted against the measure by a wider margin (75.2% against).[16]

According to the California Secretary of State, as of January 5, 2010, Marin County has 148,723 registered voters, out of 181,918 eligible (81.75%). Of those, 81,589 (54.86%) are registered Democrats, 29,088 (19.56%) are registered Republicans, 6,141 (4.13%) are registered with other political parties, and 31,905 (21.45%) have declined to state a political party.[17] Democrats hold wide voter-registration majorities in all political subdivisions in Marin County, except for the town of Belvedere, in which Democrats only hold a 54-vote (3.52%) registration advantage. Democrats' largest registration advantage in Marin is in the town of Fairfax, wherein there are only 420 Republicans (8.0%) out of 5,248 total voters compared to 3,386 Democrats (64.52%) and 1,057 voters who have declined to state a political party (20.14%) voters.

"Marin County hot-tubber"

In 2002, former U.S. President George H.W. Bush denounced convicted American terrorist John Walker Lindh as "some misguided Marin County hot-tubber," as a reference to the county's liberal, "hippie" political culture. Outraged by the label, some local residents wrote scathing letters to the Marin Independent Journal, complaining of Bush's remarks. In response, Bush wrote a letter to readers in the same newspaper, admitting regret and promising to not use the phrases Marin County and hot tub "in the same sentence again."[18]

Economy

As of 2008, the largest private-sector employers in Marin County were:[19]

  1. Kaiser Permanente (1,626 full-time employees in Marin County)
  2. Marin General Hospital (1,267)
  3. Autodesk (1,200)
  4. Fireman's Fund Insurance Company (1,200)
  5. Comcast (619)
  6. Safeway Inc. (452)
  7. Macy's, Inc.
  8. Frank Howard Allen Realtors (423)
  9. BioMarin Pharmaceutical
  10. Fair Isaac
  11. MHN (350)
  12. Dominican University of California (325)
  13. W. Bradley Electric (295)
  14. Brayton Purcell (288)
  15. Guide Dogs for the Blind (287)
  16. Novato Community Hospital (274)
  17. Mollie Stones (270)
  18. Wells Fargo
  19. Costco
  20. Ghilotti Bros. (250)
  21. Kentfield Rehabilitation and Specialty Hospital
  22. Lucasfilm
  23. Longs Drugs
  24. Nordstrom (211)
  25. Coldwell Banker (207)

Media

Marin county has several media outlets that serve the local community.

Notable current and former residents

Cities, towns and unincorporated districts

Adjacent counties

south (across the Golden Gate Bridge)
east (across the Richmond-San Rafael Bridge)
north

Books and films

Marin County has been used as the venue for numerous films and books; in some cases these works have also incorporated scenes set in neighboring San Francisco or Sonoma County. The following are representative works produced in whole or in part in Marin County:

Notes

  1. ↑ "Local Area Personal Income". http://www.bea.gov/regional/reis. Retrieved 2009-06-10. 
  2. ↑ California's Legislature, "APPENDIX M, Origin and Meaning of the Names of the Counties of California With County Seats and Dates Counties Were Created," p. 302. Spring 2006, Accessed March 26, 2007
  3. ↑ Gudde, Erwin G. (1949). California Place Names: A Geographical Dictionary, p. 204. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press; Paperback edition (2004). ISBN 0520243173.
  4. ↑ Thomas, Robert C., Drake at Olompali
  5. ↑ Chen, Allan, Drake's Plate: the end of the mystery?," Science Beat, Berkeley Lab, April 4, 2003
  6. ↑ "Contact Us." Marin County Free Library. Retrieved on May 4, 2009.
  7. ↑ Bay Area beaches grade well for safe swimming, May 27, 2010 by Carolyn Jones, San Francisco Chronicle
  8. ↑ "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. http://factfinder.census.gov. Retrieved 2008-01-31. 
  9. ↑ http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ACSSAFFFacts?_event=Search&geo_id=&_geoContext=&_street=&_county=Marin+County&_cityTown=Marin+County&_state=04000US06&_zip=&_lang=en&_sse=on&pctxt=fph&pgsl=010
  10. ↑ http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ADPTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=05000US06041&-qr_name=ACS_2008_3YR_G00_DP3YR5&-ds_name=ACS_2008_3YR_G00_&-_lang=en&-_sse=on
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ADPTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=05000US06041&-qr_name=ACS_2008_3YR_G00_DP3YR2&-ds_name=ACS_2008_3YR_G00_&-_lang=en&-redoLog=false&-_sse=on
  12. ↑ United States Census Bureau. 2005-2007 American Community Survey 3-Year Estimates. Data Profile Highlights
  13. ↑ Bernstein-Wax, Jessica (June 18, 3020). "Marin regains title of lowest jobless rate in state". Marin Independent Journal. http://www.marinij.com/ci_15326659. Retrieved 19 June 2010. 
  14. ↑ 2010 Marin County Unemployment Rate. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
  15. ↑ County of Marin. Registrar of Voters. November 4, 2008 General Election Results
  16. ↑ San Francisco Department of Elections. Election Summary: November 4, 2008.
  17. ↑ CA Secretary of State - Report of Registration - January 5, 2010
  18. ↑ Campbell, Duncan (July 16, 2002). "From hot tub to hot water". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2002/jul/16/worlddispatch.usa. Retrieved May 12, 2010. 
  19. ↑ Cochrane, Laura; Princesa Pabalan (2008-06-09). "Private-sector employers - Marin County". North Bay Business Journal: pp. M3-9. http://www.northbaybusinessjournal.com/. 
  20. ↑ "Filming locations for Star Wars: Episode VI - Return of the Jedi" IMDb.

See also

External links

Sonoma County Sonoma County
Pacific Ocean San Francisco Bay
   Marin County, California    
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County seat: San Rafael
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